{"id":1180,"date":"2020-10-08T08:31:48","date_gmt":"2020-10-08T06:31:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/?p=1180"},"modified":"2020-10-08T08:33:14","modified_gmt":"2020-10-08T06:33:14","slug":"prelucrarea-canepii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/prelucrarea-canepii\/","title":{"rendered":"Prelucrarea c\u00e2nepii"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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C\u00e2nepa este una dintre cele mai vechi plante cultivate \u00een \u021bara noastr\u0103, fiind utilizat\u0103 \u00een principal pentru ob\u021binerea fibrelor folosite la confec\u021bionarea \u021bes\u0103turilor. Cantitatea de c\u00e2nep\u0103 cultivat\u0103 anual, acoperea necesarul de \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103minte al unei familii \u0219i necesarul pentru confec\u021bionarea textilelor folosite \u00een cas\u0103 \u0219i gospod\u0103rie. \u021aes\u0103turile de c\u00e2nep\u0103 erau incluse \u0219i \u00een zestrea fetelor. \u00cencep\u00e2nd cu anii ’60 apare sc\u0103derea constant\u0103 a culturii acestei plante. Procesul lung \u0219i obositor de cultur\u0103 \u0219i ob\u021binere a fibrelor, precum p\u0103trunderea materialelor textile industriale, au determinat, \u00eentr-o oarecare m\u0103sur\u0103, eliminarea culturii.<\/div>\n
Recoltarea c\u00e2nepii, are implica\u021bii directe \u00een calitatea fibrei. Culoarea, elasticitatea, duritatea \u0219i rezisten\u021ba sunt afectate de gradul de maturitate a plantei. \u00cen Transilvania, c\u00e2nepa de var\u0103 \u0219i de toamn\u0103 se recoltau separat, ambele fiind culese \u00een momentul c\u00e2nd planta ajungea la maturitate, \u00een luna iulie – cea de var\u0103 \u0219i \u00een august cea de toamn\u0103 .<\/div>\n
\u201dM\u0103nu\u0219ile\u201d (snopii) de c\u00e2nep\u0103 dup\u0103 ce erau culese, se puneau la uscat c\u00e2teva zile, rezemate de gard \u00een pozi\u021bie vertical\u0103. Uscarea se f\u0103cea pentru \u00eendep\u0103rtarea frunzelor \u0219i a inflorescen\u021bei plantei. Dup\u0103 uscare avea loc topitul c\u00e2nepii, o opera\u021biune de separare a fibrelor de tulpin\u0103 prin p\u0103strarea plantelor \u00een ap\u0103, pe o perioad\u0103 determinat\u0103. Dup\u0103 \u00eencheierea topirii, fiecare m\u0103nu\u0219\u0103 se sp\u0103la \u00een ap\u0103 curg\u0103toare, p\u00e2n\u0103 ce erau eliminate frunzele \u0219i materia verde degradat\u0103. Uscarea c\u00e2nepii dup\u0103 sp\u0103lare, se f\u0103cea prin r\u0103sfirarea ei la loc \u00eensorit pe gard.<\/div>\n
Fibrele erau extrase apoi prin ruperea unui m\u0103nunchi de tulpini lemnoase, sau prin tragerea fibrelor cu m\u00e2na. Acestor dou\u0103 metode de extragere a fibrelor, cronologic le- a urmat meli\u021batul cu meli\u021ba. Opera\u021biunea de meli\u021bare presupunea trecerea m\u0103nu\u0219ii de c\u00e2nep\u0103 \u00eentre limb\u0103 \u0219i \u0219an\u021bul meli\u021bei, ruperea p\u0103r\u021bii lemnoase \u0219i eliberarea fibrei.<\/div>\n
Piept\u0103natul c\u00e2nepii era urm\u0103toarea etap\u0103 prin care fibrele se preg\u0103teau pentru tors. Pentru piept\u0103natul c\u00e2nepii se foloseau trei piepteni, de diferite dimensiuni. \u00cen urma acestei perieri se ob\u021bineau trei categorii de fibre, definite \u00een grosime \u0219i lungime: ,,fuiorul\u201d; ,,urzeala\u201d; ,,c\u00e2l\u021bii\u201d. Torsul c\u00e2nepii era o opera\u021biune dificil\u0103, datorit\u0103 asprimii \u0219i grosimii fibrei. Fibra de c\u00e2nep\u0103 fiind mai lung\u0103 dec\u00e2t cea de l\u00e2n\u0103, caierul avea o form\u0103 alungit\u0103, leg\u00e2ndu-se pe jum\u0103tatea superioar\u0103 a furcii. C\u00e2nepa se torcea numai r\u0103sucit, \u00eentr-o singur\u0103 direc\u021bie, astfel c\u0103 \u201djirebiile\u201d de c\u00e2nep\u0103 se p\u0103strau \u00eempletite, evit\u00e2ndu-se \u00eenc\u00e2lcirea firelor.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Fotografii din arhiva Muzeului Etnografic \u201eAnton Badea\u201d Reghin<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n
Galerie foto<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e2nepa este una dintre cele mai vechi plante cultivate \u00een \u021bara noastr\u0103, fiind utilizat\u0103 \u00een principal pentru ob\u021binerea fibrelor folosite la confec\u021bionarea \u021bes\u0103turilor. Cantitatea de c\u00e2nep\u0103 cultivat\u0103 anual, acoperea necesarul […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1180","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1180"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1180\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1180"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}