{"id":1671,"date":"2022-09-20T12:33:56","date_gmt":"2022-09-20T10:33:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/?p=1671"},"modified":"2022-09-20T12:33:58","modified_gmt":"2022-09-20T10:33:58","slug":"culesul-mierii-din-natura","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/culesul-mierii-din-natura\/","title":{"rendered":"Culesul mierii din natur\u0103"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Albina a ajutat la crearea lumii, legendele mitologice confirm\u0103 inteligen\u021ba albinei, munca acesteia \u0219i priceperea cu care \u00ee\u0219i organizeaz\u0103 propria via\u021b\u0103. Albina era considerat\u0103 sf\u00e2nt\u0103, iar albin\u0103ritul era considerat\u0103 o ocupa\u021bie sacr\u0103, deoarece \u00een urm\u0103 cu mult timp se ocupau cu aceast\u0103 \u00eendeletnicire preo\u021bii \u0219i \u00eenv\u0103\u021b\u0103torii de la sate, f\u0103c\u00e2nd din ceara albinelor lum\u00e2n\u0103ri.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Pu\u021bin\u0103 miere \u00eendulcea via\u021ba fiec\u0103ruia, indiferent de greut\u0103\u021bi. \u021aara noastr\u0103 este numit\u0103 metaforic paradisul albinelor, pentru relieful variat, mun\u021bi \u00eemp\u0103duri\u021bi, dealuri cu livezi, c\u00e2mpii \u0219i v\u0103i, astfel c\u0103 albin\u0103ritul a putut fi o ocupa\u021bie de seam\u0103 a locuitorilor acestor zone.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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V\u00e2n\u0103toarea de albine, numit\u0103 b\u0103rcuit, s-a practicat \u0219i la poalele mun\u021bilor Gurghiu \u0219i C\u0103limani, av\u00e2nd dou\u0103 scopuri: prinderea albinelor prim\u0103vara, pentru cre\u0219terea lor domestic\u0103 \u0219i culegerea fagurilor cu miere, toamna, c\u00e2nd stupul are rezervele cele mai mari. \u00cen poienile cu flori, b\u0103rca\u0219ii prindeau c\u00e2teva albine cu m\u00e2na, pe care apoi le introduceau \u00eentr-un corn de b\u0103rcuit pentru a preg\u0103ti ,,masa\u201d de \u00eencepere a v\u00e2n\u0103torii.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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B\u0103rca\u0219ii alegeau un lumini\u0219, de unde se putea observa zborul albinelor \u00een toate direc\u021biile. Puneau un fagure de miere, pe care se a\u0219ezau albinele din cornul de b\u0103rcuit. C\u00e2nd albinele erau s\u0103tule de miere, se preg\u0103teau de zbor, ridic\u00e2ndu-se p\u00e2n\u0103 la \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea de unde \u00ee\u0219i g\u0103seau reperul c\u0103tre stup. Din acel moment, zborul lor continu\u0103 \u00een linie dreapt\u0103. Ulterior se mai prindeau albine \u00een corn, pentru a servi c\u0103l\u0103uz\u0103 la a\u0219ezarea celeilalte ,,mese\u201d care aducea un alt reper pentru a ajunge la scorbura cu stupul.<\/div>\n
Stupul uneori era a\u0219ezat la o \u00een\u0103l\u021bime joas\u0103, \u00eenc\u00e2t puteau lucra de la sol, alteori era la \u00een\u0103l\u021bime mare, fiind nevoi\u021bi s\u0103 se urce \u00een copac. Pentru scoaterea fagurilor, b\u0103rca\u0219ii foloseau diferite instrumente: fumigena, securi, fireze etc. Odat\u0103 locul marcat, seara c\u00e2nd albinele se a\u0219ezau, se f\u0103cea o ,,bort\u0103\u201d (s\u0103p\u0103tur\u0103 \u00een copac), afum\u00e2nd albinele cu pucioas\u0103, aceast\u0103 tehnic\u0103 se realiza mai mult toamna, prin introducerea \u00een ,,bort\u0103\u201d a unei c\u00e2rpe aprinse, \u00eembibat\u0103 cu sulf.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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De la v\u00e2n\u0103toarea de albine s-a trecut apoi la stup\u0103ritul domestic, scorburile copacilor \u00een care tr\u0103iau albinele, au fost sec\u021bionate \u00een butuci adu\u0219i l\u00e2ng\u0103 case, iar ulterior, albinele erau a\u0219ezate \u00een co\u0219ni\u021be \u0219i l\u0103zi.<\/div>\n
\u00cen zilele noastre albin\u0103ritul sau (apicultura) a c\u0103p\u0103tat o importan\u021b\u0103 mare datorit\u0103 inven\u021biei stupului de lemn, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t a devenit o ocupa\u021bie a oamenilor care iubesc albinele \u0219i natura.<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Bibliografie: V. Butur\u0103, Etnografia poporului rom\u00e2n, Cluj, 1978<\/div>\n
I. Ghinoiu, S\u0103rb\u0103tori \u0219i obiceiuri rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti, Bucure\u0219ti, 2003<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Fotografii din Arhiva Muzeului Etnografic \u201dAnton Badea\u201d, reprezent\u00e2nd v\u00e2n\u0103toarea de albine, Or\u0219ova, 1963<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Albina a ajutat la crearea lumii, legendele mitologice confirm\u0103 inteligen\u021ba albinei, munca acesteia \u0219i priceperea cu care \u00ee\u0219i organizeaz\u0103 propria via\u021b\u0103. Albina era considerat\u0103 sf\u00e2nt\u0103, iar albin\u0103ritul era considerat\u0103 o […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1671","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arhiva"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1671","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1671"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1671\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1671"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1671"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1671"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}