{"id":7696,"date":"2025-05-05T11:17:51","date_gmt":"2025-05-05T09:17:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/?p=7696"},"modified":"2025-05-05T11:17:59","modified_gmt":"2025-05-05T09:17:59","slug":"23-aprilie-sarbatoarea-sfantul-gheorghe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/23-aprilie-sarbatoarea-sfantul-gheorghe\/","title":{"rendered":"23 aprilie – S\u0103rb\u0103toarea Sf\u00e2ntul Gheorghe"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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DSC_2Mega_Pix<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

S\u00e2ngeorzul \u0219i \u00eenverzirea naturii – P\u0102P\u0102LUGURA la M\u0103sura oilor<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mucenicul Gheorghe, unul dintre cei mai de seam\u0103 Sem\u0103n\u0103tori ai dreptei credin\u021be, vrednic urma\u0219 a<\/span><\/span><\/span>l<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> lui Hristos, s-a n\u0103scut \u00een Beirut (Capadochia- sec.III), mo\u0219tenind curajul \u0219i t\u0103ria credin\u021bei de la p\u0103rin\u021bii s\u0103i, tat\u0103l, ofi\u021ber \u00een armata roman\u0103, iar mama, o cre\u0219tin\u0103 evlavioas\u0103 \u0219i plin\u0103 de \u00een\u021belepciune. T\u00e2n\u0103rul Gheorghe ajunge ofi\u021ber \u00een armata roman\u0103, unde lupt\u0103 cu \u00eenver\u0219unare pentru a c\u00e2\u0219tiga bucuriile duhovnice\u0219ti, \u00eenfrunt\u00e2nd, precum to\u021bi sfin\u021bii, <\/span><\/span><\/span>nedreptatea<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, idolatria, necredin\u021ba, chiar dac\u0103 acestea erau promovate de \u00eensu\u0219i \u00eemp\u0103ratul Diocle\u021bian. Ajuns voievod, el se \u00eempotrive\u0219te \u00eemp\u0103ratului \u00een prigoana lui asupra cre\u0219tinilor, ajung\u00e2nd \u00een \u00eenchisoare, unde, de\u0219i a fost supus la numeroase chinuri, nu \u0219i-a lep\u0103dat credin\u021ba, fiind decapitat.[1]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Via\u021ba Sf. Gheorghe a fost plin\u0103 de minuni, memorabil\u0103 a r\u0103mas lupta cu balaurul. Legenda spune c\u0103, l\u00e2ng\u0103 o cetate se afla un lac \u00een care tr\u0103ia un balaur ce primea \u00een fiecare zi un copil ca hran\u0103. \u00centr-o zi soarta c\u0103zu pe fiica \u00eemp\u0103ratului, Dumnezeu l-a trimis \u00eens\u0103 pe Sf . Gheorghe, care ucise cu suli\u021ba fiara (icoana Sf Mucenic Gheorghe). Cutremura\u021bi de minune au \u00eenceput to\u021bi s\u0103 cread\u0103 \u00een Hristos \u0219i au cerut s\u0103 fie boteza\u021bi. [2]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen credin\u021ba popular\u0103, Sf. Gheorghe (S\u00c2NGEORZUL) \u00eenverze\u0219te natura, \u021bine \u201dcheile vremii\u201d, deschide prim\u0103vara \u0219i anul pastoral, care \u00eencepe la 23 aprilie \u0219i \u021bine p\u00e2n\u0103 la Sf\u00e2ntul Dumitru (S\u00e2nmedru, 26 octombrie).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

De numele celor doi sfin\u021bi se leag\u0103 o serie de credin\u021be \u0219i practici cu valen\u021be magice, ce eviden\u021biaz\u0103 rolul anotimpului, a vegetalului, o universalizare a procesului natural de cre\u0219tere \u0219i maturizare – \u00eenfrunzirea\/desfrunzirea arborilor, cu referin\u021be la sfera uman\u0103, comportamental\u0103. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Rela\u021bia \u00eentre vegetal \u0219i calit\u0103\u021bile calendarului este validat\u0103 \u00een ini\u021bializarea recurent\u0103 a unor ac\u021biuni, ca marc\u0103 a timpului bun, preschimbat \u00een ceremonial.[3] \u00cempodobirea cu ramuri verzi, de mesteac\u0103n\/ salcie\/ rug a por\u021bilor, u\u0219i, ferestre, – ramura verde- simbol al prim\u0103verii cu rol protector- apar\u021bine unor categorii de gesturi \u0219i ac\u021biuni cu valoare religioas\u0103 \u0219i metafizic\u0103. Ajunul, prag al s\u0103rb\u0103torii, avea regulile lui magice \u0219i prilejuia o seam\u0103 de practici de ap\u0103rare, de stimulare \u0219i purificare.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Se spune c\u0103 \u00een seara de S\u00e2ngeorz umbl\u0103 spiritele rele, strigoaicele care fur\u0103 mana laptelui, amenin\u021b\u0103 via\u021ba \u0219i fertilitatea animalelor, iar pentru a le proteja, femeile preg\u0103teau un amestec din usturoi, leu\u0219tean \u0219i gunoi de grajd cu care ungeau u\u0219ile \u0219i zonele de contact cu exteriorul. Tot pentru protec\u021bie,<\/span><\/span><\/span> se aprindeau focuri \u201dfocul viu\u201d cu care se afumau animalele \u0219i ocoalele.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cenceputul anului pastoral era \u00eenso\u021bit de c\u00e2teva tradi\u021bii, \u00een zon\u0103. M\u0102SURA OILOR, s\u0103rb\u0103toare a p\u0103curarilor, urma c\u00e2teva etape- tocmitul sau \u00een\u021belegerea privind constituirea st\u00e2nelor, m\u0103suratul laptelui \u0219i osp\u0103\u021bul. Conform cutumei, procedura \u00eencepea cu sfin\u021birea oilor \u0219i a ciobanilor de c\u0103tre preot, trecerea prin strung\u0103 a oilor \u0219i ob\u021binerea primei mulsori. \u00cen prima vineri din luna mai, dup\u0103-amiaza, avea loc \u201eruperea\u201d mieilor (\u00een\u021b\u0103rcarea) \u0219i adunarea turmelor la \u201dgazde\u201d . Odat\u0103 cu prima mulsoare se stabilea cantitatea de br\u00e2nz\u0103 cuvenit\u0103 fiec\u0103ruia de-a lungul anului. Tot atunci se alegea P\u0103p\u0103lugura – masca verde. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0102P\u0102LUGURA era un ritual de fertilitate ce viza mana laptelui la oi, \u00eent\u00e2lnit \u00een satele din C\u00e2mpia Transilvaniei, care se desf\u0103\u0219ura cu ocazia m\u0103surii laptelui -\u201dm\u0103sura oilor\u201d, practic\u0103 veche legat\u0103 de p\u0103storit.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Aducerea ploii evoc\u0103 o mitologie inspirat\u0103 din modelul vie\u021bii \u0219i al mor\u021bii plantelor. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Legatura dintre ap<\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0103<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0219i plante\/vegeta\u021bie, simboluri ale regener\u0103rii – era stabilit\u0103 \u00een ac\u021biuni \u0219i practici ce vizau procesiunea crea\u021biei \u0219i trecerea de la o etap\u0103 la alta (apa primar\u0103, premerg\u0103toare, reprezentare a nonmanifest\u0103rii \u0219i a laten\u021bei, iar verdea\u021ba- apari\u021bia formei, manifestarea crea\u021biei). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Obiceiul P\u0103p\u0103lug<\/span><\/span><\/span>urii<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> presupunea alegerea unui t\u00e2n\u0103r, retragerea \u00een p\u0103dure \u0219i mascarea, \u00eenvelirea cu plante verzi\/ crengi \u00eenfrunzite, legate cu c\u00e2nep\u0103, cobor\u00e2rea \u00eenaintea turmei spre sat, \u00eent\u00e2mpinarea cu ciubere cu ap\u0103 \u0219i udarea, momentul culminant al procesiunii sacre -\u201dP\u0103p\u0103lugura se ud\u0103 bine pentru mana oilor!\u201d [4]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Un alt obicei ce se desf\u0103\u0219ura \u00een ajunul S\u00e2ngeorzului sau \u00een S\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2na Patimilor, era ,,STRIGAREA PESTE SAT\u201d, un \u00eendreptar al comportamentelor din timpul anului. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Eliberarea spa\u021biului pentru nou, la \u00eenceput de anotimp, iertarea \u0219i repararea unor vicii, vindecarea, ca o restaura\u021bie, general\u0103, nu puteau avea loc \u00een afara expunerii \u0219i asum\u0103rii faptelor, a unei regl\u0103ri terapeutice corespunz\u0103toare. Erau mustra\u021bi \u201dstriga\u021bi\u201d (de pe deal ) fetele\/ b\u0103ie\u021bii tomnatici sau erau men\u021bionate \u00eent\u00e2rzierile unor activit\u0103\u021bi ori diverse abateri. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cen satele de pe Valea Mure\u0219ului, sunt cunoscute c\u00e2teva pove\u0219ti, relat\u0103ri, credin\u021be legate de Ajunul S\u00e2ngeorzului \u0219i \u00eent\u00e2mpl\u0103ri nefaste petrecute \u00eentr-un timp primejdios. <\/span><\/p>\n

Una este relat\u0103 de tanti Emilia Sorlea din satul Pietri\u0219: \u201dOdat\u0103 de S\u00e2ngeorz, un om s-a dus la moar\u0103 iar c\u00e2nd s-a \u00eentors, a \u00eent\u00e2lnit pe drum multe strigoaice care jucau pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 vaci. Omul le-a urat spor la joc, iar acestea i-au r\u0103spuns \u201dspor <\/span>l<\/span><\/span>a ce-ai \u00een car dar s\u0103 nu spui nim\u0103nui\u201d. Si a\u0219a a fost, ajuns acas\u0103 omul a avut spor \u0219i bel\u0219ug la f\u0103in\u0103, c\u0103 asta avea \u00een car, <\/span>c\u00e2t<\/span><\/span> timp nu a dest\u0103inuit taina avea f\u0103in\u0103 pe <\/span>\u00ee<\/span><\/span>ndestulate. V\u0103z\u00e2nd femeia sa c\u0103 f\u0103ina nu se mai termin\u0103, i s-a p\u0103rut lucru necurat \u0219i a insistat s\u0103 afle. Neav\u00e2nd de ales omul i-a spus, iar de atunci f\u0103ina a \u00eenceput s\u0103 se \u00eempu\u021bineze. \u201d[5]<\/span><\/p>\n

Roxana Maria Man, articol publicat \u00een Cadran Jurnal Mure\u0219ean, Nicoale B\u0103ciu\u021b, nr 5\/2025<\/span><\/p>\n

Note <\/span><\/p>\n

[1],[2]Borzan, M., Man, R., Calendarul cre\u0219tin ortodox \u00een iconografie, Tg Mure\u0219, 2008p.39-41<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[3]Ghinoiu, I. S\u0103rb\u0103tor<\/span><\/span><\/span>i \u0219i obiceiuri rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, Bucure\u0219ti, <\/span><\/span><\/span>2003,<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>p.60<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[4]Badea, A., <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201eTrei obiceiuri din C\u00e2mpia Transilvaniei\u201d, \u00een Marisia \u2013 Studii \u0219i materiale, V, Tg. Mure\u0219, 1975, p. 363<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

[5]Sorlea, E -informator, sat Pietri\u0219 Vale Jud Mure\u0219, v.70<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Icoan\u0103 <\/span><\/span><\/span>Sf\u00e2ntul mucenic Gheorghe, <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>colec\u021bia Muzeului Etnografic <\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201eAnton Badea\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Fotografii din arhiva realizate de Anton Badea <\/span><\/span><\/span>la Or\u0219ova (jud. Mure\u0219) \u0219i \u021aagu (jud. Bistri\u021ba-N\u0103s\u0103ud)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u00een <\/span><\/span><\/span>anii<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> 1965 \u0219i 1969<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span><\/span>cercetare obiceiul Papalugura la m\u0103sura oilor <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00e2ngeorzul \u0219i \u00eenverzirea naturii – P\u0102P\u0102LUGURA la M\u0103sura oilor Mucenicul Gheorghe, unul dintre cei mai de seam\u0103 Sem\u0103n\u0103tori ai dreptei credin\u021be, vrednic urma\u0219 al lui Hristos, s-a n\u0103scut \u00een Beirut […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7696","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7696"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7704,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7696\/revisions\/7704"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}