{"id":7810,"date":"2025-12-08T09:04:06","date_gmt":"2025-12-08T07:04:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/?p=7810"},"modified":"2025-12-08T09:04:21","modified_gmt":"2025-12-08T07:04:21","slug":"prelucrarea-lanii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/prelucrarea-lanii\/","title":{"rendered":"Prelucrarea l\u00e2nii"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\"\" \"\" \"\" \"\"<\/div>\n
L\u00e2na se folosea la confec\u021bionarea \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103mintei \u0219i nu numai, spre deosebire de c\u00e2nep\u0103, care era mai aspr\u0103 \u0219i mai r\u0103coroas\u0103.<\/div>\n
Prima faz\u0103 de lucru era tunsul acesteia de pe oaie, dup\u0103 care se sp\u0103la \u0219i se cl\u0103tea \u00een mai multe ape, p\u00e2n\u0103 ie\u0219ea \u201eusucul\u201d (gr\u0103simea) pe care \u00eel produce corpul oii. Dup\u0103 uscare, l\u00e2na se \u201escarm\u0103n\u0103\u201d. Cu mul\u021bi ani \u00een urm\u0103, s-au folosit piepteni manuali, p\u0103tra\u021bi, prev\u0103zu\u021bi cu din\u021bi \u00eencovoia\u021bi, din s\u00e2rm\u0103 cu \u201em\u00e2nere\u201d. \u00centre pieptenii aceia, care se numeau \u201ebrebeni\u201d, se punea un smoc de l\u00e2n\u0103 sc\u0103rm\u0103nat\u0103. Se purtau \u201ebrebenii\u201d cu m\u00e2inile p\u00e2n\u0103 observau c\u0103 era piept\u0103nat\u0103 l\u00e2na. \u201eBrebenii\u201d s-au folosit p\u00e2n\u0103 au ap\u0103rut \u201edaracele\u201d mecanice, care piapt\u0103n\u0103 \u0219i fac l\u00e2na caiere \u0219i astfel s-a \u00eenlesnit mult lucrul.<\/div>\n
Urm\u0103toarea etap\u0103 este torsul l\u00e2nii, dup\u0103 trebuin\u021b\u0103, mai sub\u021bire pentru urzit la p\u0103nur\u0103 \u0219i la \u021boale, mai groas\u0103 pentru b\u0103tut la \u021boale \u0219i la p\u0103nur\u0103, pentru sumane \u0219i uio\u0219e. Din l\u00e2na mai lung\u0103 \u0219i mai p\u0103roas\u0103, se torcea un fir foarte foarte sub\u021bire care, \u00eembinate dou\u0103 laolalt\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103sucite cu \u201er\u0103sucitoarea\u201d, se ob\u021binea un fir trainic folosit la \u00eencheiatul \u021boalelor \u0219i la \u201etivitura\u201d lor, la \u00eencheiatul \u201ecioarecilor\u201d albi de s\u0103rb\u0103tori. Pe \u00eencheietura lor se cosea frumos un \u201ebr\u00e2nel\u201d care d\u0103dea o frumuse\u021be aparte \u201ecioarecilor\u201d.<\/div>\n
L\u00e2na toars\u0103, sortat\u0103 pe categorii de grosime, o puneau femeile pe \u201er\u0103\u0219chitor\u201d, o f\u0103ceau \u201ej\u00e2rebgi\u201d, \u201escule\u201d sau gheme pentru b\u0103tut. Din l\u00e2na neagr\u0103 f\u0103ceau \u0219i \u201ecioareci\u201d de purtat. Pentru lepedee, l\u00e2na era vopsit\u0103 \u00een diferite culori, acas\u0103, ori la vopsitorie.<\/div>\n
Femeile \u021beseau \u00een r\u0103zboi rochii, \u0219ur\u021buri, n\u0103fremi, c\u0103trin\u021be, pentru care l\u00e2na trebuia toars\u0103 foarte sub\u021bire. L\u00e2na de urzit la \u021boale \u0219i la p\u0103nur\u0103 trebuia toars\u0103 sub\u021bire \u0219i firul trainic sucit bine, c\u0103 avea s\u0103 treac\u0103 prin \u201ei\u021be\u201d \u0219i prin \u201espat\u0103\u201d. L\u00e2na de b\u0103tut la \u021boale trebuia toars\u0103 groas\u0103 \u0219i \u201e\u00eenf\u00e2nat\u0103\u201d, ca s\u0103 se fac\u0103 bine la \u201epiu\u0103\u201d. Pentru p\u0103nura de \u201ecioareci\u201d, se folosea l\u00e2na tuns\u0103 de pe \u201ec\u00e2rlane\u201d, adic\u0103 de pe \u201emielele\u201d care erau \u00een al doilea an de via\u021b\u0103, c\u0103 aceea era mai moale\u201d.<\/div>\n
Pentru lepedeele alese se f\u0103ceau \u201egu\u0219i\u201d de diferite culori, care erau b\u0103gate \u00een \u201erost\u201d cu m\u00e2na, foarte mig\u0103los, iar cele \u201e\u00eenv\u00e2rstate\u201d se \u021beseau cu \u201esuveica\u201d. \u201eObielele\u201d pentru opincile de iarn\u0103 erau f\u0103cute tot din p\u0103nur\u0103 alb\u0103. Cele de purtat erau f\u0103cute din p\u0103nur\u0103 neagr\u0103 ori \u201es\u0103in\u0103\u201d, din care erau f\u0103cu\u021bi \u0219i \u201ecioarecii\u201d de purtat. Ca s\u0103 fie mai moi, acea p\u0103nur\u0103 era purtat\u0103 numai la v\u00e2ltoare, nu era b\u0103tut\u0103 \u00een piu\u0103. A\u021bele cu care erau legate obielele din opinci, numite \u201enoji\u021be\u201d, erau f\u0103cute, mai demult, din p\u0103r de capr\u0103, apoi din l\u00e2n\u0103. Acum se mai leag\u0103 \u0219i cu curele din piele.<\/div>\n
L\u00e2na era folosit\u0103 \u0219i ca izolator, uneori, ca s\u0103 nu p\u0103trund\u0103 frigul,era a\u0219ezat\u0103 printre grinzi \u00een podul casei.<\/div>\n
\u201eJ\u00e2rebgile\u201d vopsite, dup\u0103 ce se uscau, se puneau pe \u201ev\u00e2rtelni\u021b\u0103\u201d \u0219i se dep\u0103nau. L\u00e2na f\u0103cut\u0103 gheme se pune pe urzar, cu un \u201erost\u201d, at\u00e2\u021bia \u201erazi\u201d dup\u0103 cum ai nevoie. \u201eTeara\u201d ob\u021binut\u0103 se pune pe r\u0103zboi \u0219i \u00een \u201erostul\u201d ei se pun doi \u201efu\u0219tei\u201d. Firele se dau prin \u201ei\u021be\u201d \u0219i prin \u201espat\u0103\u201d, la r\u00e2nd, dup\u0103 \u201erost\u201d, apoi se leag\u0103 la sulul dinainte de un \u201erodorar\u201d. \u00cen partea de jos a i\u021belor, cu ni\u0219te a\u021be, se leag\u0103 \u201ec\u0103lc\u0103torile\u201d, care poart\u0103 \u201ei\u021bele\u201d. L\u00e2na de b\u0103tut se pune pe \u201e\u021bevi\u201d, pe care le \u00eenv\u00e2rte \u201esucala\u201d manual, se bag\u0103 \u00een suveic\u0103 \u0219i \u00eencepe \u021besutul.<\/div>\n
L\u00e2na trece prin mai multe faze de lucru p\u00e2n\u0103 ajunge \u00een \u021boale, lepedee, p\u0103retare, cioareci, sumane, uio\u0219e, desagi, strai\u021be \u0219i tot ce a trebuit la o cas\u0103, inclusiv \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103mintea necesar\u0103. Se f\u0103ceau \u201ebr\u0103cini\u201d tricolore \u0219i de alte culori, \u201ebaiere\u201d frumos \u00eempletite \u201e\u00een trei\u201d, \u00een patru dungi. Baiera se punea la desagi, la strai\u021b\u0103, la furca de tors. C\u0103trin\u021bele de l\u00e2n\u0103, rochiile, \u0219ur\u021burile, erau legate cu baier\u0103 de l\u00e2n\u0103. Se folosea baiera de l\u00e2n\u0103 \u0219i la leg\u0103nu\u021bul cel mic \u0219i cel mare al copilului. Tot cu ea se legau lum\u00e2n\u0103rile \u0219i un metru de material pentru copil, la botez. La s\u0103rb\u0103tori, mamele\u00eencingeau pe copiii mai mici cu o \u201eb\u0103ieruc\u0103\u201d, tot din l\u00e2n\u0103, peste c\u0103m\u0103\u0219u\u021b\u0103.<\/div>\n
C\u0103nacii de la turc\u0103 \u0219i zurg\u0103l\u0103ii feciorilor, c\u00e2nd mergeau la joc \u0219i la nunt\u0103, erau f\u0103cu\u021bi tot din l\u00e2n\u0103 . Cu c\u0103naci de l\u00e2n\u0103 se \u00eempodobeau plugu\u0219oarele cu care mergeau copiii \u00een seara de Anul Nou prin sat.<\/div>\n
La Florii, de ziua mor\u021bilor, se legau la m\u0103r\u021bi\u0219oare \u201ec\u0103pe\u021bele\u201d de l\u00e2n\u0103 colorat\u0103, \u00een multe culori iar oamenii le puneau la morminte. \u201d\u021a\u0103ranul, de mic copil a \u00eendr\u0103git oile. Acuma toate s-au schimbat, m\u00e2nc\u0103m \u0219i ne \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103m din pr\u0103v\u0103lie. Unii arunc\u0103 l\u00e2na pe p\u00e2raie, al\u021bii \u00eei dau foc. Femeile nu mai torc, nu mai \u021bes, fetele tinere nu \u0219tiu s\u0103 toarc\u0103, pentru c\u0103 nici mamele lor nu mai \u0219tiu \u0219i nu are cine s\u0103 le \u00eenve\u021be\u201d.<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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Roxana Maria Man , Muzeul Etnografic “Anton Badea” Reghin<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n
Inf. Maria Bucin Cri\u0219an, S\u00e2nmihaiu de P\u0103dure, jud. Mure\u0219 v. 83 ani<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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arhiva muzeureghin.ro<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u00e2na se folosea la confec\u021bionarea \u00eembr\u0103c\u0103mintei \u0219i nu numai, spre deosebire de c\u00e2nep\u0103, care era mai aspr\u0103 \u0219i mai r\u0103coroas\u0103. Prima faz\u0103 de lucru era tunsul acesteia de pe oaie, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[30,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arhiva","category-blog"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7810"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7810\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7816,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7810\/revisions\/7816"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muzeulreghin.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}